{"id":37400,"date":"2020-03-30T14:58:43","date_gmt":"2020-03-30T12:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/?p=37400"},"modified":"2024-10-09T14:27:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T12:27:53","slug":"shading","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/shading\/","title":{"rendered":"SHADING"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column offset=&#8220;vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8220;][vc_acf field_group=&#8220;30126&#8243; field_from_30126=&#8220;field_5c079de146ee1&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"100\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"100\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"50\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"50\" style=\"height: 100px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8220;3\/4&#8243; dfd_column_responsive_enable=&#8220;dfd-column-responsive-enable&#8220; css=&#8220;.vc_custom_1548941680917{border-right-width: 1px !important;padding-right: 25px !important;padding-left: 25px !important;border-right-color: #000000 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;}&#8220; responsive_styles=&#8220;border_right_mobile:0&#8243;]<div class=\"dfd-heading-shortcode\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module-wrap  text-left style_01 cr-animate-gen dfd-heading-69d8a711ce552 dfd-enable-resposive-headings\" id=\"dfd-heading-69d8a711ce552\" data-animate-type = \"transition.slideLeftIn\" ><div class=\"inline-block\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module\"><div class=\"widget-title dfd-title block-title\" style=\"font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:700; font-style:normal; font-size: 35px; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 45px; letter-spacing: 0px; \">Shading: barrier or boundary conditions?<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(function($) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$(\"head\").append(\"<style>.dfd-heading-69d8a711ce552.dfd-heading-module-wrap .dfd-heading-module .dfd-heading-delimiter {margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}@media (max-width: 1279px) and (min-width: 1024px){.dfd-heading-69d8a711ce552 .dfd-title{font-size: 40px !important;letter-spacing: 0px !important;line-height: 45px !important;}}@media (max-width: 1023px) and (min-width: 800px){.dfd-heading-69d8a711ce552 .dfd-title{font-size: 35px !important;letter-spacing: 0px !important;line-height: 40px !important;}}@media (max-width: 799px){.dfd-heading-69d8a711ce552 .dfd-title{font-size: 30px !important;letter-spacing: 0px !important;line-height: 35px !important;}}<\/style>\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/script><\/div>[vc_column_text]Shading reduces PV efficiency and could cause safety issues triggered by different levels of current in the solar cells. In case of partial shading, the covered cells act as heat dissipators. This phenomenon, known as &#8222;hot-spot&#8220;, causes an increase in module temperature that can reach values above 100\u00b0C. To avoid damaging the shaded cells, by-pass diodes are incorporated in the module to allow the current flow and to avoid it passing through the shaded cell. Ideally, a by-pass diode would be\u00a0 equired for each cell, in reality they are fitted on each cell string.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner css=&#8220;.vc_custom_1567758427216{padding-top: 75px !important;}&#8220; col_inner_shadow=&#8220;box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)&#8220; col_inner_shadow_hover=&#8220;box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)&#8220;]<div id=\"idinfobox69d8a711ce6d2\" class=\"dfd-info-box clearfix style-01 layout-04  idinfobox69d8a711ce6d2\" ><div class=\"dfd-animate-container\"><div class=\"icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"module-icon\" style=\"border-radius:0px;font-size:50px;\"><div class=\"hover-layer\" ><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/numero1.svg\" alt=\"Image icon\" style=\"width: 50px;opacity: 1;\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"content-wrap ovh\"><div class=\"info-box-title feature-title\" style=\"font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:700; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #f9b45c !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; \">Solar availability of the site: topography and horizon profile<\/div><div class=\"description\" style=\"font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:400; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; \">During the first phase of a project, it is important to analyze the solar potentiality of the site. There are different web tools that are able to estimate and calculate the radiation and movements of the sun. Distant shadows caused by the geographical profile (eg. mountains) could affect the irradiation of a solar installation. Because of that, a correct project approach should take into account the solar horizon.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t(function($){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$('head').append('<style type=\"text\/css\"> .idinfobox69d8a711ce6d2.dfd-info-box .module-icon {background: linear-gradient(to right, #ffffff 0%,#ffffff 100%);}<\/style>');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery)\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"25\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"25\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div><div id=\"dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711ced49\" class=\"dfd-hotspot-shortcode-wrapper\"><div class=\"dfd-hotspot-shortcode\"  data-action=\"hover\" ><div class=\"dfd-hotspot-image-cover pallini dfd-action-hover dfd-button-tooltip-top text-left\"><div class=\"dfd-img-lazy-load\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg' viewBox%3D'0 0 1461 975'%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/sun-path-pvsyst_supsi_2.png\" width=\"1461\" height=\"975\" alt=\"Hotspot image\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">(function($) {$(\"head\").append(\"<style>#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711ced49 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div { min-width: 0px;}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711ced49 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div { background: #ffffff;}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711ced49 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot:not(.dfdHotspotImageMarker):before { background: rgba(249,180,92,0.8);}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711ced49 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot:not(.dfdHotspotImageMarker):after { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711ced49 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div > .Hotspot_Title {font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:400; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; }#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711ced49 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div > .Hotspot_Message {font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; }#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711ced49 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div {}<\/style>\")})(jQuery);<\/script><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8220;.vc_custom_1585568727090{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8220;]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\">Sun path and rough sketch of the horizon line elaborated through PVSyst. Source: SUPSI-ISAAC.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner css=&#8220;.vc_custom_1567758427216{padding-top: 75px !important;}&#8220; col_inner_shadow=&#8220;box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)&#8220; col_inner_shadow_hover=&#8220;box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)&#8220;]<div id=\"idinfobox69d8a711cf3d9\" class=\"dfd-info-box clearfix style-01 layout-04  idinfobox69d8a711cf3d9\" ><div class=\"dfd-animate-container\"><div class=\"icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"module-icon\" style=\"border-radius:0px;font-size:50px;\"><div class=\"hover-layer\" ><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/numero2.svg\" alt=\"Image icon\" style=\"width: 50px;opacity: 1;\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"content-wrap ovh\"><div class=\"info-box-title feature-title\" style=\"font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:700; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #f9b45c !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; \">Shading due to building volumes: building and urban morphology<\/div><div class=\"description\" style=\"font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:400; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; \">The complexity of the built environment causes very often non-optimal scenarios for PV systems that can also induce critical factors, which can affect the incident solar radiation on the buildings surfaces by creating limitations and reduction of the solar potential in different ways. Specifically two aspects are identified: urban and building constraints.<\/p>\n<p>_____<\/p>\n<p>Urban factors are constraints related to the process of urban development such as:<br \/>\n&#8211; urban density: in dense built areas, the proximity of the building fronts along roads makes facades difficult to exploit for energy purposes, as they are heavily shaded;<br \/>\n&#8211; urban objects: shading caused by vegetation in avenues or in courtyards, as well as street infrastructures, can reduce PV production and could cause safety issues;<br \/>\n&#8211; urban planning densification: urban densification plans define rules for urban development where self-shading and the overshadows of (new) adjacent buildings could greatly affect solar energy potential and daylight availability.<\/p>\n<p>_____<\/p>\n<p>Building factors are constraints related to the building typology such as:<br \/>\n&#8211; building size &amp; shape orientation: the size and the geometry of the building define the main technical possibilities of photovoltaic implementation. In addition, the orientation of the building has an impact on the solar production. It is important to install PV on different exposed facades for increasing self-consumption by optimizing the daily profile of energy production;<br \/>\n&#8211; articulation: the \u201cbuilding articulation\u201d represents the different parts of a building form such as balconies, windows, slab bands, loggias, canopies, etc. which could form projecting surfaces and\/or recessing elements that cause a reduction of the surface suitable for energy production. Nevertheless, it is possible to maximize the exploitable PV surface by carefully adapting PV claddings to these building elements or taking advantage of a building re-shaping in case of renovation.<br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t(function($){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$('head').append('<style type=\"text\/css\"> .idinfobox69d8a711cf3d9.dfd-info-box .module-icon {background: linear-gradient(to right, #ffffff 0%,#ffffff 100%);}<\/style>');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery)\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"25\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"25\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div><div id=\"dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711cf93a\" class=\"dfd-hotspot-shortcode-wrapper\"><div class=\"dfd-hotspot-shortcode\"  data-action=\"hover\" ><div class=\"dfd-hotspot-image-cover pallini dfd-action-hover dfd-button-tooltip-top text-left\"><div class=\"dfd-img-lazy-load\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg' viewBox%3D'0 0 823 424'%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/shading-situations_IEA-PVPS-1.jpg\" width=\"823\" height=\"424\" alt=\"Hotspot image\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">(function($) {$(\"head\").append(\"<style>#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711cf93a .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div { min-width: 0px;}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711cf93a .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div { background: #ffffff;}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711cf93a .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot:not(.dfdHotspotImageMarker):before { background: rgba(249,180,92,0.8);}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711cf93a .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot:not(.dfdHotspotImageMarker):after { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711cf93a .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div > .Hotspot_Title {font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:400; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; }#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711cf93a .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div > .Hotspot_Message {font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; }#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711cf93a .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div {}<\/style>\")})(jQuery);<\/script><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8220;.vc_custom_1585561667103{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8220;]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\">Shading situations. Source: IEA PVPS.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner css=&#8220;.vc_custom_1567758427216{padding-top: 75px !important;}&#8220; col_inner_shadow=&#8220;box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)&#8220; col_inner_shadow_hover=&#8220;box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)&#8220;]<div id=\"idinfobox69d8a711cff0e\" class=\"dfd-info-box clearfix style-01 layout-04  idinfobox69d8a711cff0e\" ><div class=\"dfd-animate-container\"><div class=\"icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"module-icon\" style=\"border-radius:0px;font-size:50px;\"><div class=\"hover-layer\" ><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/numero3.svg\" alt=\"Image icon\" style=\"width: 50px;opacity: 1;\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"content-wrap ovh\"><div class=\"info-box-title feature-title\" style=\"font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:700; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #f9b45c !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; \">Shading tolerance: between design &amp; technical solutions<\/div><div class=\"description\" style=\"font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:400; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; \">Considering a BIPV installation as part of a wider intervention, it is possible to overcome some technical barriers thanks to an optimal design strategy of the renovation intervention taking in consideration both technical and design strategy aspects.<\/p>\n<p>On one hand we have technical solutions (such as an accurate electrical wiring, the use of appropriate PV technology and a rational energy management) which can moderate\/eliminate some of the energy criticalities that building\/urban situations can create on a PV installation (e.g. due to shading and\/or a non-optimal exposure).<br \/>\nOn the other hand, we can focus on BIPV design approach, both in terms of architectural concept and building skin construction, which allows avoiding some of the critical aspects that could affect the PV production, since the early design stage, carefully taking into account basic design rules and optimizing BIPV factors according to the specific urban\/building context.<br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t(function($){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$('head').append('<style type=\"text\/css\"> .idinfobox69d8a711cff0e.dfd-info-box .module-icon {background: linear-gradient(to right, #ffffff 0%,#ffffff 100%);}<\/style>');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery)\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"25\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"25\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div><div id=\"dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711d0568\" class=\"dfd-hotspot-shortcode-wrapper\"><div class=\"dfd-hotspot-shortcode\"  data-action=\"hover\" ><div class=\"dfd-hotspot-image-cover pallini dfd-action-hover dfd-button-tooltip-top text-left\"><div class=\"dfd-img-lazy-load\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg' viewBox%3D'0 0 724 423'%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/plus-energy-building-in-Seewadelstrasse-1.jpg\" width=\"724\" height=\"423\" alt=\"Hotspot image\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">(function($) {$(\"head\").append(\"<style>#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711d0568 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div { min-width: 0px;}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711d0568 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div { background: #ffffff;}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711d0568 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot:not(.dfdHotspotImageMarker):before { background: rgba(249,180,92,0.8);}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711d0568 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot:not(.dfdHotspotImageMarker):after { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);}#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711d0568 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div > .Hotspot_Title {font-family:Montserrat; font-weight:400; font-style:normal; font-size: 17px; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 25px; letter-spacing: 0px; }#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711d0568 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div > .Hotspot_Message {font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; }#dfd-hotspot-module69d8a711d0568 .dfd-hotspot-shortcode .HotspotPlugin_Hotspot > div {}<\/style>\")})(jQuery);<\/script><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8220;.vc_custom_1604930101385{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8220;]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\">Plus-energy residential building in Seewadelstrasse &#8211; Affoltern am Albis (ZH &#8211; CH).<br \/>\nThrough a careful wiring it is possible to control the shading of the modules from<br \/>\nthe building itself. Photo: Virid\u00e9n + Partner AG.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8220;1\/4&#8243; dfd_column_responsive_enable=&#8220;dfd-column-responsive-enable&#8220; css=&#8220;.vc_custom_1548941751542{padding-right: 25px !important;padding-left: 25px !important;}&#8220; responsive_styles=&#8220;padding_top_mobile:80&#8243;]<div class=\"dfd-heading-shortcode\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module-wrap  text-left style_01 dfd-heading-69d8a711d0b7e dfd-enable-resposive-headings\" id=\"dfd-heading-69d8a711d0b7e\" ><div class=\"inline-block\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module\"><div class=\"widget-title dfd-title block-title\" style=\"font-size: 25px; font-family: MontserratBold; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0px; \">See also<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(function($) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$(\"head\").append(\"<style>.dfd-heading-69d8a711d0b7e .dfd-heading-module .widget-title {margin-bottom:15px;}.dfd-heading-69d8a711d0b7e.dfd-heading-module-wrap .dfd-heading-module .dfd-heading-delimiter {margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}<\/style>\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/script><\/div><div id=\"idinfobox69d8a711d0c95\" class=\"dfd-info-box clearfix style-01 layout-04  idinfobox69d8a711d0c95 cr-animate-gen\" data-animate-item=\".dfd-animate-container\" data-animate-type = \"transition.slideUpIn\" ><div class=\"dfd-animate-container\"><div class=\"icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"module-icon\" style=\"border-radius:px;font-size:65px;\"><div class=\"hover-layer\" ><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/logo-active-interfaces_2-130x130.png\" alt=\"Image icon\" style=\"width: 65px;opacity: 1;\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"content-wrap ovh\"><div class=\"info-box-title feature-title\" style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: MontserratBold; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 20px; \">Active Interfaces - Deliverable RM 2.2<\/div><div class=\"info-box-subtitle subtitle\" style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: MontserratRegular; color: #000000 !important; line-height: 20px; font-style:italic; \">Report on the identified BIPV constraints on solution proposed and their lifetime<\/div><div class=\"description\" style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bipv.ch\/images\/Report%202017_SUPSI_SEAC_BIPV.pdf\"   class=\"full-box-link\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"80\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"80\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"80\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"80\" style=\"height: 80px;\"><\/div><div class=\"dfd-shar-module-cover\"><div class=\"dfd-new-share-module  text-left style-6 horizontal   \" ><div class=\"module module-entry-share\" id=\"dfd_share_69d8a711d15ba\"><ul class=\"module-entry-share-links-list rrssb-buttons\" data-directory=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\/wp-content\/themes\/dfd-ronneby\"><li class=\"rrssb-facebook\"><a class=\"module-entry-share-link-facebook feature-title\" data-title=\"Solarchitecture\" data-url=\"https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\" data-media=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/solarchitecture.ch\"  style=\"border-radius: 1px; 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